Peptides for immune defence and infection, ranked by human evidence

Peptides studied for the immune system, inflammation and infection, including the antimicrobial peptides and several approved immune medicines. They are ranked by an evidence score that weighs the grade of the evidence, the human trials counted in PubMed, and regulatory status — shown in the columns so any rank can be checked. A high score means a peptide is well studied and often approved for something, not that it is right, safe or legal for this goal. Nothing here is medical advice, and Grey Peptides sells nothing and links to no vendor. See all goals or the plainer browse by goal map.

Evidence grade

Regulatory status

Search name

Has a human trial on this page

82 peptides · sorted by evidence score (click a column to re-sort)

Peptide	Grade	Human studies	RCTs	Max trial phase	Regulatory	Dose	Score
Cyclosporine	High	34,891	2,298	Phase 4	FDA approved	—	100
Colistin	High	7,551	193	Phase 4	FDA approved	intravenous or intramuscular →	100
Polymyxin B	High	3,679	167	Phase 4	FDA approved	intravenous →	100
Glatiramer Acetate	High	3,181	129	Phase 4	FDA approved	subcutaneous →	100
Caspofungin	High	2,535	55	Phase 4	FDA approved	sourced dose →	100
Bacitracin	High	1,884	139	Phase 4	FDA approved	—	100
Micafungin	High	1,499	43	Phase 4	FDA approved	—	100
Anidulafungin	High	915	13	Phase 4	FDA approved	—	100
Gramicidin	High	681	32	Phase 3	FDA approved	topical or ophthalmic only →	100
Dalbavancin	High	566	15	Phase 4	FDA approved	sourced dose →	100
Oritavancin	High	336	9	Phase 4	FDA approved	sourced dose →	100
Telavancin	High	328	18	Phase 4	FDA approved	—	100
Bulevirtide	High	250	11	Phase 3	FDA approved	subcutaneous →	100
Rezafungin	High	216	14	Phase 4	FDA approved	intravenous infusion →	100
Ecallantide	High	158	11	Phase 3	FDA approved	—	100
Voclosporin	High	157	16	Phase 4	FDA approved	oral →	100
Zilucoplan	High	57	6	Phase 3	FDA approved	subcutaneous (self-injection) →	100
Motixafortide	High	48	5	Phase 4	FDA approved	subcutaneous →	100
Vancomycin	High	28,069	757	Phase 4	FDA approved	intravenous or oral →	90
Daptomycin	High	2,847	49	Phase 4	FDA approved	intravenous →	90
Romiplostim	High	792	39	Phase 4	FDA approved	subcutaneous →	90
Thymosin α1	High	556	64	Phase 3	Approved abroad	subcutaneous →	90
Pegcetacoplan	High	242	34	Phase 4	FDA approved	subcutaneous infusion; intravitreal →	90
Mifamurtide	High	92	6	Phase 2	Approved abroad	—	90
Albuvirtide	High	29	5	Phase 4	Approved abroad	—	90
Forigerimod	High	22	2	Phase 3	Approved abroad	subcutaneous →	90
Icotrokinra	High	21	9	Phase 3	FDA approved	oral →	90
Enfuvirtide	High	969	65	Phase 4	Discontinued	subcutaneous →	85
Iseganan	High	41	6	Phase 3	Discontinued	oral rinse (investigational) →	85
Surotomycin	High	36	5	Phase 3	Discontinued	oral →	85
Teicoplanin	High	2,847	122	Phase 4	Approved abroad	—	80
Nisin	High	473	6	Phase 2	Food additive	—	75
VIP	Medium	5,488	97	Phase 4	In trials	intravenous →	70
Tyrothricin	Medium	153	7	Phase 4	Approved abroad	—	70
Thymostimulin	Medium	151	37	Phase 3	Approved abroad	subcutaneous →	70
Nangibotide	Medium	110	6	Phase 2	In trials	intravenous →	70
Thymomodulin	Medium	37	7	—	Approved abroad	oral →	70
Romurtide	Medium	34	6	—	Approved abroad	subcutaneous →	70
DAPTA	Medium	30	2	Phase 2	Approved abroad	intranasal →	70
Murepavadin	Medium	24	1	Phase 3	In trials	intravenous →	70
Dalazatide	Medium	13	1	Phase 1	Approved abroad	subcutaneous →	70
Dazdotuftide	Medium	9	1	—	In trials	topical eye drops →	70
Dirucotide	Medium	9	2	Phase 3	In trials	—	70
Dusquetide	Medium	4	2	Phase 3	In trials	—	70
Neurokinin A	Medium	694	27	Phase 4	Research only	—	65
Tuftsin	Medium	232	3	—	Research only	—	65
Ramoplanin	Medium	64	1	—	Discontinued	oral →	65
Modimelanotide	Medium	5	1	—	Discontinued	intravenous →	65
Thymopentin	Medium	459	54	Phase 3	Approved abroad	subcutaneous →	60
Edratide	Medium	41	0	Phase 2	Approved abroad	subcutaneous →	60
Substance P	Medium	9,219	505	Phase 4	Research only	—	55
Melittin	Medium	1,486	13	—	Research only	—	55
Capreomycin	Medium	482	0	Phase 4	Discontinued	—	55
Dermcidin	Medium	232	2	—	Research only	—	55
Tifuvirtide	Medium	64	1	—	Discontinued	subcutaneous →	55
Murabutide	Low	46	3	—	Approved abroad	not stated in the abstract →	50
Tiplimotide	Medium	2	0	—	Approved abroad	subcutaneous →	50
Muramyl Dipeptide	Low	704	9	Phase 2	Research only	—	45
Lactoferricin	Medium	242	0	—	Research only	—	45
Feline Interferon Omega	Low	1	8	—	Veterinary	—	45
Thymodepressin	Low	6	0	—	Approved abroad	intramuscular →	40
Alpha-MSH	Low	4,689	67	Phase 3	Research only	—	35
Cathelicidin	Low	2,786	55	Phase 4	Research only	—	35
HD5	Low	1,975	67	Phase 1	Research only	—	35
hBD-2	Low	1,424	29	Phase 2	Research only	—	35
hBD-1	Low	787	10	Phase 4	Research only	—	35
hBD-3	Low	705	5	—	Research only	—	35
Thymulin	Low	615	10	—	Research only	—	35
HNP-1	Low	485	6	Phase 3	Research only	—	35
Magainin	Low	292	1	—	Research only	—	35
Cecropin	Low	259	3	—	Research only	—	35
Thiostrepton	Low	170	0	Phase 2	Research only	sourced dose →	35
HD6	Low	167	7	Phase 1	Research only	—	35
Indolicidin	Low	96	2	—	Research only	—	35
Virginiamycin	Low	68	21	—	Veterinary	—	35
Thymoctonan	Low	18	0	—	Discontinued	intramuscular →	35
Nosiheptide	Low	8	2	—	Research only	—	35
Augurin (ECRG4)	Low	89	0	—	Research only	—	25
Teixobactin	Low	32	0	—	Preclinical	—	25
Plectasin	Low	20	0	—	Preclinical	—	25
PEPITEM	Low	9	0	—	Preclinical	—	25
Pegbovigrastim	Low	0	0	—	Veterinary	—	20

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How the evidence score works

Evidence score (0-100), a transparent ranking aid, not a verdict. grade: high=60, medium=40, low=20, ungraded=0. Human trial: an on-site read-and-cited randomized or clinical trial = +15, else any PubMed human-indexed record = +5, else 0. RCT literature: PubMed lists >=1 randomized controlled trial = +10. Regulatory: FDA-approved = +15, in trials / approved-abroad / in development = +5, else 0. Every component is stored on each record so the number can be re-derived; volume and grade are shown together so neither misleads.

“Human studies” and “RCTs” are PubMed record counts for the peptide (read 2026-11-07 from the counts behind the Evidence Explorer); a count is how much research exists and of what kind, never proof a peptide works. “Grade” is our editorial reading of the evidence — see how we grade evidence. The “Dose” column links to the entry for each peptide that carries a dose from a regulator’s label or a published human study — where the amount is shown with its source; the amount is never reprinted here without that source, and many research peptides have no human dose, shown as —. Of 660 peptides, 607 have at least one human-indexed PubMed record, 324 cite a human trial on their page, 124 are FDA-approved, and 271 carry a sourced dose.