Category · 32 entries
Longevity & Mitochondrial
Peptides studied for aging, senescence, and mitochondrial function.
Bronchogen
A Khavinson tetrapeptide from bronchial tissue — proposed to support respiratory epithelium function in chronic obstructive airway disease; evidence is preliminary and Russian-language.
Cardiogen
A Khavinson-group tetrapeptide from heart-tissue extract — proposed to support cardiomyocyte function and cardiac tissue aging; evidence base is Russian-language and largely pre-clinical.
Carnosine
β-alanyl-L-histidine, the dipeptide concentrated in muscle and brain that buffers acid and resists glycation; as a supplement, small trials are mixed, and a 299-person trial found no general effect on physical performance.
Cartalax
A Khavinson tripeptide from cartilage tissue extract — proposed to support chondrocyte function and joint tissue homeostasis in aging and osteoarthritis models; mostly pre-clinical Russian-language evidence.
Cerluten
A Khavinson lung-derived short peptide bioregulator sold in Russia as a cytomedine supplement for respiratory aging. Like the rest of the Khavinson short-peptide family, supporting evidence is almost exclusively Russian-language and of low methodological rigor by Western standards; no independent replication, no FDA or EMA status, and no controlled clinical data.
Chonluten
A Khavinson tripeptide studied for bronchial epithelium regeneration and anti-inflammatory effects in the respiratory tract — evidence base is Russian-language and preliminary.
Cortagen
A Khavinson-group tetrapeptide isolated from cortex tissue — used in Russian neurology practice for post-stroke cognitive deficit; evidence is almost entirely Russian-language with minimal Western replication.
Endoluten
The Khavinson pineal bioregulator preparation, positioned as a "precursor/complementary" product to epithalon (the synthetic AEDG tetrapeptide). Marketed in Russia for neuroendocrine and circadian support in aging. Evidence base is Russian-language Khavinson-group studies with minimal independent replication.
Epithalon
A synthetic pineal tetrapeptide from Vladimir Khavinson's St. Petersburg group, with telomerase and telomere-length data from cell cultures and little human evidence.
FOXO4-DRI
A senolytic peptide that clears senescent cells in mice and cultured cells, and has never been given to a person.
GDF11
Not a peptide: the TGF-β protein reported in 2013-2014 to rejuvenate old mouse hearts and muscle, then disputed over faulty assays. Never tested in people.
GDF15
⚠ Not a peptide — a 12 kDa TGF-β superfamily protein. Rises with age and with mitochondrial stress; a potent anorexic/cachexia signal via its brainstem GFRAL/RET receptor. Active clinical development in two directions: agonism for obesity (NGM120, LY3463251) and antagonism for cachexia (ponsegromab, Pfizer Phase 3 PROACC-1 in cancer cachexia).
Glutathione
The tripeptide antioxidant every cell makes. Oral doses raised body stores in a six-month trial; IV drips sold for skin lightening have little controlled evidence.
Humanin
A 24-amino-acid peptide encoded in mitochondrial DNA: protective in cells and animals, measured but never given in human studies.
Klotho Peptide
The kidney protein whose shed form circulates in blood and works with FGF23 on mineral balance, sold online as a longevity peptide. No published trial has given klotho to a person: human studies measure it, and 24 weeks of supervised exercise in 144 young adults did not move it. Research only.
Livagen
A Khavinson tetrapeptide proposed to support hepatic and lymphocyte function; reported to decondense chromatin in aged lymphocytes in in-vitro studies — Russian-language evidence, no Western replication.
Melatonin
The pineal darkness signal: an unregulated supplement in the US, a prescription prolonged-release medicine for insomnia in Europe.
MOTS-c
A mitochondrially encoded peptide studied for its effects on metabolic homeostasis, insulin sensitivity, and exercise capacity.
NAD+
The coenzyme every cell runs on, sold as IV drips and injections: one small 2026 heart-failure trial is the only controlled test of NAD+ itself.
Ovagen
A Khavinson tripeptide proposed to support hepatocyte function and reproductive-tissue aging; evidence is Russian-language and pre-clinical.
Pinealon
A Khavinson tripeptide proposed to cross the blood–brain barrier and support neuronal gene expression in aging brain tissue — animal data in hypoxia and oxidative stress models; no Western clinical trials.
Prostamax
A Khavinson prostate bioregulator preparation marketed in Russia for prostate aging, with the synthetic KEDP tetrapeptide (Prostagen) as its characterized active fragment. Russian-language evidence base; no FDA/EMA status; no independent Western clinical replication.
SHLP2
A 26-aa mitochondrial-derived peptide, the most-studied of the SHLP1–SHLP6 family (Cohen lab, USC). Preclinical data report insulin-sensitizing, antiapoptotic, and metabolic-protective effects; lower plasma levels in humans correlate with age and with type 2 diabetes. Research-only; no human clinical trials.
SHLP6
One of six small humanin-like peptides encoded in mitochondrial DNA: its sequence is unusually conserved, and 2025 zebrafish studies reported antioxidant and neuroprotective effects. Research-only.
SS-31 (Elamipretide)
The first FDA-approved mitochondria-targeted peptide therapeutic — approved September 2025 as Forzinity for Barth syndrome, with broader investigation in heart failure, macular degeneration, and aging.
Testagen
A Khavinson testis bioregulator; its synthetic form, the tetrapeptide KEDG, is named testagen in a 2025 paper. Russian nutraceutical status only.
Thymalin
A polypeptide mixture extracted from calf thymus, injected as an immune modulator and approved in Russia. Its human studies are small, mostly Russian and usually add it to other treatment; in a non-randomised COVID-19 comparison, hospital mortality was 20.6% with thymalin against 40.9% on standard care. Not approved in the US.
Thymogen
L-glutamyl-L-tryptophan, a synthetic dipeptide developed in the Soviet Union and used in Russia as an immunomodulator; its evidence is small, mostly uncontrolled Russian-language studies and one double-blind surgical trial. No FDA or EMA approval.
Ventfort
A Khavinson bioregulator made from bovine vascular tissue, sold in Russia for vascular aging. No published sequence or PubMed record names it.
Vesugen
The synthetic KED tripeptide in the Khavinson short-peptide series, studied preclinically for vascular-aging and antiatherogenic effects. Not a registered medicine; research-only in the West, nutraceutical status in Russia. Preclinical evidence only.
Vilon
The smallest of the Khavinson bioregulators: two amino acids, studied for immune, anti-tumour and anti-aging effects almost entirely by the group that made it.
Visoluten
The Khavinson retinal bioregulator preparation, marketed in Russia for age-related retinal change including macular degeneration support. Evidence base is Russian-language Khavinson-group studies. Not FDA- or EMA-approved.